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Este artículo explica cómo configurar impresoras IPP en dispositivos macOS. El proceso implica descubrir las impresoras disponibles en la red, identificar sus direcciones IP e importar la configuración a través de una configuración MDM personalizada.

Escanear impresoras IPP en la red

Si ya conoce la configuración de su impresora, puede omitir esta parte.
  1. Abra Terminal en un dispositivo macOS.
  2. Ejecute el siguiente comando para descubrir todas las impresoras disponibles a través del Protocolo de impresión de Internet (IPP):
ippfind
  1. Tenga en cuenta la lista de impresoras descubiertas y sus URI de IPP.

Identificar las direcciones IP de la impresora

Si ya conoce la configuración de su impresora, puede omitir esta parte.
  1. Para cada impresora descubierta, ejecute un comando ping para verificar su disponibilidad y obtener su dirección IP:
ping [printer-hostname]
Reemplace [printer-hostname] con el nombre de host real mostrado por ippfind
  1. Registre las direcciones IP y los URI de IPP correspondientes.

Generar el archivo mobileconfig

Si necesita ayuda para generar el archivo mobileconfig con el comando ippfind y ping, puede ejecutar este script en su Mac mientras está conectado a la red de su oficina. Mostrará el archivo mobileconfig en su terminal.
#!/bin/bash
# macOS + bash 3.2 compatible
# Discovers IPP printers and generates a .mobileconfig
# Dependencies: ippfind, ipptool, uuidgen, ping, nc, plutil, arp
# Usage:
#   ./gen_airprint_profile.sh [-o file.mobileconfig] [-i com.profile.id] [-s CIDR]
# Example:
#   ./gen_airprint_profile.sh -o Primo-AirPrint.mobileconfig -i com.getprimo.printer.airprint -s 192.168.1.0/24

set -euo pipefail

OUTPUT="AirPrint.mobileconfig"
ROOT_ID="com.getprimo.printer.airprint"
CIDR=""
TIMEOUT_DISC=5
PING_WAIT_MS=1000

while getopts ":o:i:s:" opt; do
  case "$opt" in
    o) OUTPUT="$OPTARG" ;;
    i) ROOT_ID="$OPTARG" ;;
    s) CIDR="$OPTARG" ;;
    \?) echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2; exit 2 ;;
  esac
done

need() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "Missing required tool: $1" >&2; exit 1; }; }
need uuidgen; need ping; need plutil; need ipptool
# ippfind and nc are recommended; without ippfind the script will fallback to CIDR/ARP
command -v ippfind >/dev/null 2>&1 || echo "Warning: ippfind not found: mDNS discovery will be skipped."
command -v nc >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "nc (netcat) is required for the network fallback."; exit 1; }

xml_escape() {
  sed -e 's/&/\&amp;/g' -e 's/</\&lt;/g' -e 's/>/\&gt;/g' \
      -e 's/\"/\&quot;/g' -e "s/'/\&apos;/g"
}

# -------- mDNS discovery via ippfind ----------
URIS=()
discover_mdns() {
  [ -x "$(command -v ippfind)" ] || return 0
  # --timeout varies across versions; try short IPv4 timeout when available
  local out
  if ippfind --help 2>/dev/null | grep -q -- '--timeout'; then
    out=$(ippfind --timeout ${TIMEOUT_DISC} _ipp._tcp,_print _ipps._tcp,_print -q 2>/dev/null || true)
  else
    out=$(ippfind _ipp._tcp _ipps._tcp -q 2>/dev/null || true)
  fi
  if [ -n "$out" ]; then
    while IFS= read -r line; do
      [ -n "$line" ] && URIS+=("$line")
    done <<< "$out"
  fi
}

# -------- Fallback without mDNS ----------
# 1) Build candidate IPs: explicit CIDR (/24 only) or ARP table
candidates_from_arp() {
  arp -an 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d '()' | grep -E '^[0-9.]+$' | sort -u
}

candidates_from_cidr() {
  # Minimal /24 generator (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24); other masks are not supported here
  local cidr="$1"
  if ! echo "$cidr" | grep -qE '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/24$'; then
    echo "Warning: Unsupported CIDR for this mini-scanner (only /24): $cidr" >&2
    return 1
  fi
  local base="${cidr%/24}"
  local net=$(echo "$base" | awk -F. '{print $1"."$2"."$3"."}')
  local i
  for i in $(seq 1 254); do echo "${net}${i}"; done
}

# 2) Probe port 631 and try common IPP paths
try_make_uri() {
  local ip="$1"
  local path
  for path in "/ipp/print" "/.well-known/ipp" "/printers/print" "/ipp" "/printers/ipp"; do
    if ipptool -T 3 -q "ipp://$ip:631$path" get-printer-attributes.test >/dev/null 2>&1; then
      echo "ipp://$ip:631$path"
      return 0
    fi
  done
  for path in "/ipp/print" "/.well-known/ipp" "/ipp"; do
    if ipptool -T 5 -q "ipps://$ip:631$path" get-printer-attributes.test >/dev/null 2>&1; then
      echo "ipps://$ip:631$path"
      return 0
    fi
  done
  echo ""
  return 1
}

discover_fallback() {
  local candidates
  if [ -n "$CIDR" ]; then
    candidates=$(candidates_from_cidr "$CIDR" || true)
  else
    candidates=$(candidates_from_arp || true)
  fi
  [ -z "$candidates" ] && return 0

  local ip uri
  while IFS= read -r ip; do
    [ -z "$ip" ] && continue
    if nc -G 1 -z "$ip" 631 2>/dev/null; then
      uri=$(try_make_uri "$ip")
      [ -n "$uri" ] && URIS+=("$uri")
    fi
  done <<< "$candidates"
}

# -------- Collect attributes for each URI ----------
IPs=(); Ports=(); Paths=(); Names=(); Models=(); Locs=(); ForceTLS=()

extract_components() {
  local uri="$1" scheme host port path ip name model loc
  scheme=$(printf '%s' "$uri" | sed -E 's#^([a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+)://.*#\1#')
  host=$(printf '%s' "$uri" | sed -E 's#^[a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+://([^/:]+).*#\1#')
  port=$(printf '%s' "$uri" | sed -E 's#^[a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+://[^/:]+:([0-9]+).*#\1#')
  path=$(printf '%s' "$uri" | sed -E 's#^[a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+://[^/]+(/.*)$#\1#')
  [ -z "${port:-}" ] && port=631
  [ -z "${path:-}" ] && path="/ipp/print"

  ip=$(ping -c 1 -W ${PING_WAIT_MS} "$host" 2>/dev/null | sed -n '1s/.*(\\([0-9.]*\\)).*/\1/p')
  [ -z "${ip:-}" ] && ip="$host"

  name=""; model=""; loc=""
  if ipptool -T 5 -q "$uri" get-printer-attributes.test >/tmp/ipp.$$ 2>/dev/null; then
    name=$(sed -n 's/^printer-info[^=]*= //p' /tmp/ipp.$$ | head -n1)
    model=$(sed -n 's/^printer-make-and-model[^=]*= //p' /tmp/ipp.$$ | head -n1)
    loc=$(sed -n 's/^printer-location[^=]*= //p' /tmp/ipp.$$ | head -n1)
    rm -f /tmp/ipp.$$
  fi
  [ -z "$name" ] && name="$host"
  [ -z "$model" ] && model="$name"

  IPs+=("$ip"); Ports+=("$port"); Paths+=("$path");
  Names+=("$name"); Models+=("$model"); Locs+=("$loc");
  if [ "$scheme" = "ipps" ]; then ForceTLS+=("true"); else ForceTLS+=("false"); fi
}

# --------- RUN ----------
discover_mdns
if [ ${#URIS[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "No printer visible via mDNS (ippfind). Attempting network discovery…"
  discover_fallback
fi

if [ ${#URIS[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "No IPP printer found" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Remove duplicates / keep stable order
tmp_uniq="$(mktemp)"
printf "%s\n" "${URIS[@]}" | awk '!seen[$0]++' > "$tmp_uniq"
URIS=()
while IFS= read -r line; do [ -n "$line" ] && URIS+=("$line"); done < "$tmp_uniq"
rm -f "$tmp_uniq"

# Gather attributes
i=0
while [ $i -lt ${#URIS[@]} ]; do
  extract_components "${URIS[$i]}"
  i=$((i+1))
done

# --------- Generate .mobileconfig ----------
PROFILE_UUID=$(uuidgen)
AIRPRINT_UUID=$(uuidgen)
MCX_UUID=$(uuidgen)
TMP="$(mktemp /tmp/airprint.XXXXXX.mobileconfig)"

{
cat <<'XML'
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>PayloadContent</key>
  <array>
    <dict>
      <key>AirPrint</key>
      <array>
XML

idx=0
for uri in "${URIS[@]}"; do
  ft="${ForceTLS[$idx]}"; ip="${IPs[$idx]}"; port="${Ports[$idx]}"; path="${Paths[$idx]}"
  printf '        <dict>\n'
  printf '          <key>ForceTLS</key>\n'
  [ "$ft" = "true" ] && printf '          <true/>\n' || printf '          <false/>\n'
  printf '          <key>IPAddress</key>\n'
  printf '          <string>%s</string>\n' "$(printf '%s' "$ip" | xml_escape)"
  printf '          <key>Port</key>\n'
  printf '          <integer>%s</integer>\n' "$port"
  printf '          <key>ResourcePath</key>\n'
  printf '          <string>%s</string>\n' "$(printf '%s' "$path" | xml_escape)"
  printf '        </dict>\n'
  idx=$((idx+1))
done

cat <<XML
      </array>
      <key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
      <string>AirPrint</string>
      <key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
      <string>com.apple.airprint.${AIRPRINT_UUID}</string>
      <key>PayloadType</key>
      <string>com.apple.airprint</string>
      <key>PayloadUUID</key>
      <string>${AIRPRINT_UUID}</string>
      <key>PayloadVersion</key>
      <integer>1</integer>
    </dict>
    <dict>
      <key>DefaultPrinter</key>
      <dict>
        <key>DeviceURI</key>
      <string>$(printf '%s' "${URIS[0]}" | xml_escape)</string>
        <key>DisplayName</key>
      <string>$(printf '%s' "${Names[0]}" | xml_escape)</string>
      </dict>
      <key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
      <string>Printing</string>
      <key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
      <string>com.apple.mcxprinting.${MCX_UUID}</string>
      <key>PayloadType</key>
      <string>com.apple.mcxprinting</string>
      <key>PayloadUUID</key>
      <string>${MCX_UUID}</string>
      <key>PayloadVersion</key>
      <integer>1</integer>
      <key>UserPrinterList</key>
      <dict>
        <key>Printer</key>
        <array>
XML

idx=0
for uri in "${URIS[@]}"; do
  name="${Names[$idx]}"; model="${Models[$idx]}"; loc="${Locs[$idx]}"
  cat <<XML
          <dict>
            <key>DeviceURI</key>
            <string>$(printf '%s' "$uri" | xml_escape)</string>
            <key>DisplayName</key>
            <string>$(printf '%s' "$name" | xml_escape)</string>
            <key>Location</key>
            <string>$(printf '%s' "$loc" | xml_escape)</string>
            <key>Model</key>
            <string>$(printf '%s' "$model" | xml_escape)</string>
            <key>PPDURL</key>
            <string>file://localhost/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/PrintCore.framework/Resources/Generic.ppd</string>
            <key>PrinterLocked</key>
            <false/>
          </dict>
XML
  idx=$((idx+1))
done

cat <<XML
        </array>
      </dict>
    </dict>
  </array>
  <key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
  <string>AirPrint</string>
  <key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
  <string>${ROOT_ID}</string>
  <key>PayloadType</key>
  <string>Configuration</string>
  <key>PayloadUUID</key>
  <string>${PROFILE_UUID}</string>
  <key>PayloadVersion</key>
  <integer>1</integer>
</dict>
</plist>
XML
} > "$TMP"

plutil -lint "$TMP" >/dev/null
plutil -convert xml1 -o "$OUTPUT" "$TMP"
rm -f "$TMP"

echo "Profile generated: $OUTPUT"
echo "Default Printer: ${Names[0]} (${URIS[0]})"
cat "$OUTPUT"

Importar la configuración

  1. Acceda a MDM > Perfiles. Seleccione el perfil al que desea dirigirse.
  2. Seleccione Agregar una configuración MDM personalizada.
  3. Cargue el siguiente archivo .mobileconfig, reemplazando los marcadores de posición (IP, UUID, etc.) con los detalles de configuración de su impresora:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>PayloadContent</key>
	<array>
		<dict>
			<key>AirPrint</key>
			<array>
				<dict>
					<key>ForceTLS</key>
					<false/>
					<key>IPAddress</key>
					<string>[IP_ADDRESS]</string>
					<key>Port</key>
					<integer>631</integer>
					<key>ResourcePath</key>
					<string>[RESOURCE_PATH]</string>
				</dict>
			</array>
			<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
			<string>AirPrint</string>
			<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
			<string>com.apple.airprint.[UUID]</string>
			<key>PayloadType</key>
			<string>com.apple.airprint</string>
			<key>PayloadUUID</key>
			<string>[UUID]</string>
			<key>PayloadVersion</key>
			<integer>1</integer>
		</dict>
		<dict>
			<key>DefaultPrinter</key>
			<dict>
				<key>DeviceURI</key>
				<string>ipp://[IP_ADDRESS]/[RESOURCE_PATH]</string>
				<key>DisplayName</key>
				<string>[DISPLAY_NAME]</string>
			</dict>
			<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
			<string>Printing</string>
			<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
			<string>com.apple.mcxprinting.[UUID]</string>
			<key>PayloadType</key>
			<string>com.apple.mcxprinting</string>
			<key>PayloadUUID</key>
			<string>[UUID]</string>
			<key>PayloadVersion</key>
			<integer>1</integer>
			<key>UserPrinterList</key>
			<dict>
				<key>Printer</key>
				<array>
					<dict>
						<key>DeviceURI</key>
						<string>ipp://[IP_ADDRESS]/[RESOURCE_PATH]</string>
						<key>DisplayName</key>
						<string>[DISPLAY_NAME]</string>
						<key>Location</key>
						<string>[LOCATION]</string>
						<key>Model</key>
						<string>[MODEL]</string>
						<key>PPDURL</key>
						<string>file://localhost/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/PrintCore.framework/Resources/Generic.ppd</string>
						<key>PrinterLocked</key>
						<false/>
					</dict>
				</array>
			</dict>
		</dict>
	</array>
	<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
	<string>AirPrint</string>
	<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
	<string>com.getprimo.printer.airprint</string>
	<key>PayloadType</key>
	<string>Configuration</string>
	<key>PayloadUUID</key>
	<string>[UUID]</string>
	<key>PayloadVersion</key>
	<integer>1</integer>
</dict>
</plist>
  1. Guardar e implementar el perfil.